Flipped+Classroom

The Flipped Classroom
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"// The Flipped Classroom is an intentional shift of content // // which in turn helps move students // // back to the center of learning // // rather than the products of schooling. //"

The "Flipped Classroom" is a term that has recently taken root in education. Much information and misinformation currently surrounds the conversation. We, as outspoken advocates for the "Flipped Classroom" concept, believe the following:

What Does "Flip" Imply? "Flip" is a verb. We are actively transferring the responsibility and ownership of learning from the teacher to the students in a Flipped Classroom. When students have control over how they learn content, the pace of their learning, and how their learning is assessed, the learning belongs to them. Teachers become guides to understanding rather than dispensers of facts, and students become active learners rather than receptacles of information. Secondly, we are flipping the instructional process and using technology to "time-shift" direct instruction where appropriate. Direct instruction (or lecture) is still a valuable tool for teachers in some cases. Rather than relying on lecture, we simply utilize the process where appropriate to help reach a learning goal. For instance, suppose you are teaching a lesson where students at some point will need to use technology to use a linear regression on their data. Ideally they collected data in a "real-world" environment using inquiry-based, collaborative learning methods. At some instance they may need run a linear regression on the data. It would not be appropriate to say, "Just explore your TI-84 and discover how to do a linear regression." Most likely, students will become frustrated and give up on the project. In this case, they will need direct instruction on how to do a linear regression. In others, there may need to be some remedial instruction on the procedure involved. You could take valuable class time and have everyone get their calculator and follow you step-by-step, with some students bored and ahead, and some students behind. You need to stop class and get students caught up if they missed a step. Then a day, week, or month later, you will need to go through the steps again to remind kids of the process. Or you could create a simple five-minute video showing the steps to enter data and run a linear regression. This is a permanent archived tutorial. Advanced students may never need to watch the video again. All students can re-watch the video as needed. Now, there is more class time for data collection, collaboration, and application.

What Do Classes Look Like? In most Flipped Classrooms, there is an active and intentional transfer of some of the information delivery to outside of the classroom with the goal of freeing up time to make better use of the face-to-face interaction in school. When appropriate, information transfer typically takes advantage of technologies like podcasting or screencasting. This allows for more time to individualize instruction in the class time and keeps content alive for remediation, review, or other reference when needed. Learners have immediate and easy access to any topic when they need it, leaving the teacher with more opportunities to expand on higher order thinking skills and enrichment. Offloading some information transfer allows a classroom to develop that understands the need for teacher accessibility to overlap with cognitive load. That is, when students are assimilating information, creating new ideas, etc. (upper end of Bloom's Taxonomy) the teacher is present to help scaffold them through that process. This can look very different from classroom to classroom and we recognize no two Flipped Classrooms look exactly the same, just as no two traditional classrooms look alike. The Flipped Classroom is a pedagogy-first approach that strives to meet the needs of the learners in our individual schools and communities. It is much more an ideology than it is a specific methodology...there is no prescribed set of rules to follow or model to fit.

How Does a Flipped Classroom Fit into Instruction? The Flipped Classroom is one part of a larger inquiry or instruction cycle, not a panacea or stand-alone magic bullet for instruction. It overlaps with other instructional tools such as: Reverse Instruction, Inquiry Learning, Universal Design for Learning, Blended Learning, and Online Instruction through the use of podcasting or screencasting, Web 2.0 resources, and inquiry activities. Screencasts as instructional tools can be used in many different ways: pre-teaching, front-loading instruction, remediation, extension, providing students with feedback, student created content, etc. Practitioners of the various flipped classroom models are constantly tweaking, changing, rejecting, adding to, and generally trying to improve the model through direct experience with how effective it is for kids. It's not "record your lecture once" and you're done; it's part of a comprehensive instructional model that includes direct instruction, inquiry, practice, formative and summative assessment and much more. It also allows teachers to reflect on and develop quality and engaging learning opportunities and options for internalization, creation, and application of content rather than just fluff or time filling assignments.

Final Thoughts The Flipped Classroom is an intentional shift of content which in turn helps move students back to the center of learning rather than the products of schooling. We are committed to creating dynamic and engaging curriculum through collaboration and constant revision. We understand that the Flipped Classroom is not a "silver bullet" to educational problems, nor do we claim it to be. However, we do recognize that it can have a profound impact on issues including student motivation, achievement, and engagement. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">The purpose of this article is not to convince you or others to switch to a Flipped Classroom because only you, the teacher, can make that decision based on your school's culture and your learners' needs. We, the authors, hope that you have a more balanced understanding and each of the authors would welcome further discussion or questions.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">Authors <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">Brian E. Bennett, Teacher, Evansville, Ind. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">Dan Spencer, Educational Technology Coordinator, Jackson, Mich. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">Jon Bergmann, Lead Technology Facilitator, Kenilworth, Ill. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">Troy Cockrum, Teacher, Indianapolis, Ind. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">Ramsey Musallam, Teacher, San Francisco, Calif. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">Aaron Sams, Teacher, Woodland Park, Colo. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">Karl Fisch, Teacher, Centennial, Colo., USA <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">Jerry Overmyer, Outreach Coordinator/Math Instructor, Greeley, Colo.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">Website: <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: blue; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">[|The Flipped Class Network] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">PUBLISHED 12/1/2011 THE DAILY RIFF <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">Related posts The Daily Riff: <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: blue; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">[|How the Flipped Classroom is Radically Transforming Learning] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">by Jon Bergmann, Aaron Sams <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: blue; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">[|The Flipped Class: Shedding light on the confusion, critique and hype] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">by Aaron Sams <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: blue; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Are you Ready to Flip?] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">by Dan Spencer, Deb Wolf, and Aaron Sams <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 1em; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> [|"The Flipped Class: Myths vs. Reality"] by Jon Bergmann, Jerry Overmyer and Brett Wilie

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 1em; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> [|"The Flipped Class: What Does a Good One Look Like?"] by Brian Bennett, Jason Kern, April Gudenrath and Philip McIntosh

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: blue; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Private School Math Teacher Flips Learning] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">by Stacey Roshan <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: blue; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">[|The Flipped Class: Show Me the Data!] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">by Stacey Roshan <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: blue; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Teachers "Doing the Flip" to Help Students Become Learners]

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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: MuseoSans500,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">"A free world-class education for anyone anywhere."
The Khan Academy is an organization on a mission. We're a not-for-profit with the goal of changing education for the better by providing a free world-class education to anyone anywhere. All of the site's resources are available to anyone. It doesn't matter if you are a student, teacher, home-schooler, principal, adult returning to the classroom after 20 years, or a friendly alien just trying to get a leg up in earthly biology. The Khan Academy's materials and resources are available to you completely free of charge.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #111111; font-family: MuseoSans500,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">How it works for students
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">Students can make use of our extensive video library, practice exercises, and assessments from any computer with access to the web.
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; vertical-align: baseline;"> Complete custom self-paced learning tool
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<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #111111; font-family: MuseoSans500,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">Coaches, parents, and teachers
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">Coaches, parents, and teachers have unprecedented visibility into what their students are learning and doing on the Khan Academy. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #111111; display: block; font-family: MuseoSans500,sans-serif; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline;">Over 2600 videos <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; display: block; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Our [|library of videos] covers ** K-12 math **, science topics such as ** biology, chemistry, and physics **, and even reaches into the humanities with playlists on ** finance and history **. Each video is a digestible chunk, approximately 10 minutes long, and especially purposed for viewing on the computer.
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ability to see any student in detail
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 * 3) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; vertical-align: baseline;"> Better intelligence for doing targeted interventions

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; display: block; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">==<span style="color: #111111; font-family: MuseoSans500,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">A world of exercises, with help along the way == [|Practice math at your own pace] with our adaptive assessment exercises. You can ** start at 1+1 and work your way into calculus ** or jump right into whatever topic needs some brushing up.

Each problem is randomly generated, so you never run out of practice material. ** If you need a hint, every single problem can be broken down, step-by-step, with one click. ** If you need more help, you can always watch a related video.